Categorising a Quistclose Trust

Categorising a Quistclose TrustMark must receive out whether the transaction between himself and Dave is to be regarded as a thin loan or a Quistclose devote. 1 If it is the former, the beneficial avocation in the silver passes to Inchester Football social club and Dave has his remedy against the Club in debt, as would the Clubs other ordinary creditors. If, however the transaction is to be regarded as a Quistclose trust, authoritative opinion suggests that the beneficial interest remains with Dave throughout,2 and and then in the event of a failed trust purpose, the trust funds contain back to Dave on resulting trust.Mark is advised that the 5m loan received from Dave, should be properly catego go ond as a Quistclose trust. The leading authorities presidential term Quistclose trusts are Barclays Bank v Quistclose Investments Ltd3 and Twinsectra v Yardley.4 The chief particulars in both authorities are analogous to this case and thence do not need to be restated. In Quis tclose, victor Wilberforce makes it clear that since the loan was do scarcely so as to enable the borrowers to pay a dividend and for no other purpose the mutual designing of the lender and the borrower was that the sum pass on should not become ingredient of the assets of the borrower save should be used solely for payment of the dividend. Lord Wilberforce maintains that if, for any reason, the purpose could not be met, the bullion was to be returned to the lender.5 Mark should note that Daves insistence that the silver be placed in a separate bank (regardless of it universe in the Clubs name) implies his intention that the m sensation(a)y was not to form part of the Clubs general assets.6One advises Mark that Lord Wilberforces interpretation applies to his case. Dave understandably imposes conditions on the loan stipulating that it is to be used only to buy Gary Sparrow. The word only suggests that the loan was advanced exclusively for this purpose.7 Dave thus has an eq uitable right in the funds to see that is applied for its firsthand designated purpose.8 As a result, Mark, as Chairman of the club, is not free to assume the money for any other purpose and the nature of this transaction gives rise to fiducial obligations on the part of the borrower which a court of equity leave behind enforce.9 Dave has placed his trust and confidence in Mark to ensure that the money is properly applied,10 and it would be unconscionable of Mark not to properly carry it. Since Mark has agreed to the conditions of the loan, he is bound by them and owes a fiduciary obligation to Dave, to see that those conditions are met. Garys decision to sign with another(prenominal) Club means that the purpose of trust has been defeated and the money should therefore be returned to Dave.The loan advanced to Mark is to be regarded as a Quistclose trust since, as highlighted by Oakley, an intention that the money should be segregated is likely to lead the court to infer that th e parties intend to create a trust, even if that word was never actually used by anyone.11 This fact, in addition to the conditions imposed by Dave, negates any possibility of the courts regarding the 5m as being a pure loan. As a business entrepreneur, it is clear that Dave was not making a gesture of goodwill in advancing the loan, but a business decision. Conclusively, unless Mark discharge find a path to persuade Gary to sign with Inchester Football Club, the 5m must be returned to Dave.Mark has validly declared a trust in favour of Gary. First, by declaring himself as trustee of the shares, the court will regard Mark has having done everything which, match to the nature of the property comprised in the settlement, was necessary to be done in order to transfer the property and render the settlement binding upon him.12Second, in the case of Comiskey,13 the court held that the testators direction to his wife, that his nieces should acquire an interest in his property was to be construed as a needed, not save a mere moral obligation. The substance and effect14 of the delivery used, denoted an intention on the testators part to create a separate trust in favour of his nieces. One must advise that, Mark does not communicate within the ambit of this case. The substance and effect of Marks terminology were such that he intended to create a trust in favour of Gary regardless of whether or not he joined the club. The fact that Mark made the trust declaration in front of the come on of Directors suggests further that his offer was a genuine one. Thus, the court would regard his haggle as being neither precatory15 nor said in loose conversation.16 His key intention might hasten been to gently pressure Gary into signing with Inchester, by making this statement in front of the directors, however one cannot dodging the fact that it was his intention for Gary to receive the shares. His words I hope that this gives you a good reason to join the club, will not be regarded by the court as a necessary prerequisite or mandatory obligation in order for Gary to receive the shares, but rather a moral obligation, which Gary could choose to regard or disregard.In the case of Re Adams17 the court held that the purpose of the testators words was to me intrust to bode to his widows attention the moral obligations18, which had weighed upon his mind and to make present his motivation in making an absolute gift to her.19 The same can be said of Marks declaration to Gary. His words have resulted in an absolute gift to Gary, with the hope or confidence that it would advance Gary to join the club. Therefore, although Gary chose not to sign with Inchester, the trust remains valid.Third, Mark cannot rely on the fact that he has not segregated the shares to evince a lack of certainty of subject matter and thus an inconstituted trust. As clearly established in Hunter v Moss,20 with regards to a declaration of trust of personality the requirement of certai nty of subject matter does not inescapably entail segregation of the property which was to form the subject matter of the trust.21 As long as the shares held by Mark are indistinguishable from one another, they will be capable of satisfying the trust without need for appropriation. It must be acknowledged however, that if Marks shares are distinguishable from one another, the trust will fail for uncertainty of subject matter since, as neatly surmised by Sir Hobhouse in the case of Mussoorie Bank Ltd v. Raynor, uncertainty in the subject of the gift has a reflex action upon the previous words and throws doubts upon the intention of the testator, and seems to show that he could not have possibly intended his words to be imperative.22BIBLIOGRAPHYBooksA.J Oakley Parker and Mellows The Modern Law of Trusts Ninth Edition (Sweet maxwell 2008)G. Watt Trusts Fifth Edition (Oxford University Press 2005)N Stockwell and R Edwards Trusts and fair play Seventh Edition (Pearson Longman 2005)Cas esBarclays Bank v Quistclose Investments Ltd 1970 AC 567Comiskey v Bowring-Hanbury 1905 AC 84 HLHunter v Moss 1994 1 WLR 452Jones v hook (1865) 1 Ch App 25Milroy v. Lord (1862) 4 De G.F. J. 264Mussoorie Bank Ltd v Raynor (1882) 7 App Cas 321Paul v Constance 1977 1 WLR 527Re Adams and Kensington Vestry (1884) 27 Ch D394Re Snowden 1979 2 All ERM 172Twinsectra v Yardley 2002 2 AC 1641Footnotes1 1970 AC 5672 2002 2 AC 164 per Lord Millett and A.J Oakley The Modern Law of Trusts (2008) p.3223 n.14 n.25 n.1 per Lord Wilberforce at 5806 N Stockwell and R Edwards, Trusts and Equity (2005) p.207 n.1 per Lord Wilberforce at 5808 ibidem9 n.2 per Lord Millett at 18410 Ibid para. 9911 Oakley n.2 p.317 1812 Milroy v. Lord (1862) 4 De G.F. J. 264 per Turner L.J at 27427513 1905 AC 84 HL14 Paul v Constance 1977 1 WLR 527 per Scarman L.J15 Ibid.16 Jones v Lock (1865) 1 Ch App 2517 (1884) 27 Ch D39418 See Re Snowden 1979 2 All ERM 17219 G. Watt Trusts (2005) at p.7120 1994 1 WLR 45221 Ibid per Di llon L.J22 (1882) 7 App Cas 321 at 331

Approaches to Research Methodology

Approaches to enquiry Methodologyenquiry regularityological analysisINTRODUCTIONThis section allow for framingulateulate the concept of look methodology, including an popline on the main methodological begines and philosophies that comprise following this, the search strategies that go forth serve to address the physical objects of this search thing allow for be explained. jibe to Saunders et al. (2009), three characteristics exist for carrying out seekSystematic compendium of selective information.Systematic adaptation of entropy.A clear contend for investigation exists.Therefore, individuals generally abridge enquiry because they want disc all over tender things in a systematic demeanor, and hence expand their knowledge more or less a particular subject. look for in the business and management bailiwick is crucial as it serves to provide solutions to problems that exist in businesses. There be particular qualities that atomic number 18 required for carrying out substantially question including good communication, intellectual, organizational and IT skills. The enquiryer whitethorn already have these skills, or may need to develop them over the course of the research (Collins and Hussey, 2003).Research methodology is the process used to provide solutions to research problems in a systematic manner (Kumar, 2008). It is multidimensional and is the rationality behind the research methods chosen for the investigation. Research methodology provides the platform for the researcher to explain and evaluate the research strategies implemented.APPROACHES TO METHODOLOGYOne can choose to take either a deductive or an inductive tone-beginning to undertaking research, both of which would charm the manner information and results atomic number 18 collected and distributed. The deductive approach to research involves evolution a theory based on knowledge and recording which is already in place, therefore is scrutinised and faces the risk of being unaccepted. Whereas the inductive approach begins with data collection followed by analysis of results and forming conclusions and theories based on the results (Saunder et al, 2009). In this attractive of research approach, the flow of processes begins with observation and ends with findings and forming theories, which can be further interconnected into knowledge that already exists. From this, it is planned that this current research will undertake an inductive approach, which will first involve data gathering, and following analysis, form conclusions as to how to enhance the management of information systems in NHS hospitals.In research methodology, research can be undertaken over two different condemnation periods, using a cross-section(a) or longitudinal method for data collection. Cross-sectional relates to research carried out and is based on the current cartridge clip and place. Longitudinal, on the other hand, concerns research carried out over a definite lon g period of epoch (Kumar, 2008). Judging from the payoff area and the time constraints, this research will adopt a cross-sectional style.RESEARCH PHILOSOPHIESAccording to Saunders et al. (2009), there are three main categories of research philosophies, which are positivism, interperpretivism and pragmatismPositivism this assumes that knowledge has a free value and is directly reach outed from experience. An fundamental aspect of this viewpoint is that research is carried out in an independent and objective manner away from any kind of influences, and is based on quantifiable data from the utilisation of a incorporate methodology.Interpretivism this adopts a naturalist approach which places emphasisim on social constructionism and focuses on the underlying multiple social structures of knowledge. It is implicated with the attitudes of research subjects and views on the world. This type of philosophy supports the adoption of received(p) research techniques such as observati on and interviews which in turn would enable to get together knowledge from different perspectives.Realism this is similar to the positivist theory, as it alike adopts a scientific approach to the concept of knowledge development. It argues that a humankind exists independent of the human mind, and that there are authorized social forces that influence their behaviours and interpretations therefore the intention of such approach is to be aware and understand these social forces.Collis and Hussey (2003) state that the choice of research philosophy to adopt largely depends on the nature of the research, therefore there is no correct schema. Having delimitate the three main philosophies, it is clear that one would be able to combine the three of them into one research strategy. However, the philosophy that will be follow for this research is the realist approach, which is requiremently a combination of the positivism and interpretivism philosophies. This would involve the co llection, interpretation and analysis of data, and establishing any social processes that might influence the behavior and actions of individuals.RESEARCH STRATEGIESIn monastic order to address the objectives of the research topic, one has to implement certain research strategies that will enable the collection of the necessary data. Numerous research strategies are available including experiment, illustration force field, survey, grounded theory, action research, ethnography and archival research (Saunders et al., 2009). The choice of the research strategy must take into consideration certain of the essence(p) aspects well-nigh the research topic, including the research questions and objectives, existing knowledge about the topic, the amount of time available and also the availability of other recyclable sources (Saunders et al., 2009).PRIMARY RESEARCHThis involves the use of different techniques to collect current information. This is an important way to gain an insight into the research topic and it enables the addition of certain information and ideas to the available literature surrounding the topic. This is done using a variety of methods, as illustrated belowSECONDARY RESEARCHThis involves collecting applicable information relating to information systems in the NHS, including details about their roles, impacts and management, with particular quality to the London Ambulance Computer Aided Dispatch system. This requires the review and examination of a number of materials including journals, books, the internet and newspapers.The researcher will undertake both native and secondary research to thoroughly investigate the research topic. For primary research, the case bring strategy will be chosen as the research strategy for this study, which is explained in more detail as follows.CASE sketch STRATEGYGiven the nature of the research topic, a case study has been chosen as the research strategy to be implemented in this research. According to Robson (2002), a case study enables the researcher to focus on a specialized situation and research a single phenomenon, by collection of data using a variety of methods. This research strategy has the ability to provide reacts for the why?, what and how? questions (Saunders et al, 2009), and it will enable the researcher to gain a thorough understanding of the chosen topic area.RESEARCH METHODSFor the usage of this research topic, both qualitative and quantitiative measures will be used for collection and analysis of data. The research methods chosen will be in the form of questionnaires and interviews. Questionnaires are an effective technique of collecting data in which individuals are asked to answer a pre-set list of questions in a specified order (Creswell, 1994). The questionnaire will be coordinate, predetermined and standardised it will contain a mixture of closed and open-ended questions that will serve to address the research objectives. An advantage of using such research method is that it enables admission to a great number of people over a large area. Furthermore, a questionnaire is a reliable research method as the questions are structured and predetermined, which means that they cannot be altered and consequently minimizing bias. However, at the same time, this structured approach will also mean that respondents are unable to answer freely and expand on their reactions. Additionally, there is the potential of a little terror to validity as respondents may not understand the question distinctly and therefore give an answer to a question which is not think by the researcher. Still, however, it is important to ensure that the questionnaire is well-constructed and easy to follow because one take to ensure a good response rate from the sampled population which is essential for gaining accurate information that would be helpful for the research.The second research method that will be used is a semi-structured interview. This will be carried out fa ce to face with certain staff members working for the NHS, such as hospital managers and paramedics. The postulate of the semi-structured interviews is to provide more focus on the research topic by gaining reliable information from key staff members who are familiar with the topic area, and hence generate valuable information for the research. The semi-structured approach to questioning will enable the researcher to alter the style of questions fitly depending on the individual being interviewed. Therefore, interviews provide greater flexibility compared to questionnaires, and are a relatively better tool in ensuring higher response rates. Nevertheless, both of the research methods when combined will enable the researcher to explore the complexity and gain valuable insight into the research area.For the purposes of this research, a specific sampling method will be utilised, in which the researcher will select key people to include in the research study provided that those chosen c an offer relevant information related to the topic a technique called purposive sampling (Saunders et al., 2009). The sample will be selected from three Northwest NHS Foundation Trusts, including St. Marys hospital, Chelsea and Westminister hospital and Hammersmith hospital. The key staff who will be included are hospital managers, paramedics, doctors and nurses. The researcher will aim for a combined sample size of 70 individuals based on questionnaires and interviews.ETHICAL ISSUESThe main ethical considerations that must be acknowledged by the researcher when conducting the methods for data collection are centered on the periods of gaining access to the hospitals and interviewing the staff. The researcher will need to respect certain ethical value such as the anonymity, confidentiality and personal privacy of the person being interviewed when collecting information during interviews. Moreover, the researcher must obviously gain an informed hope from every person prior to startin g the interview or handing over the questionnaire.SUMMARYIn summary, this research of management of information systems in the NHS will assume an inductive and realist approach, to be implemented in a cross-sectional method, using a case study strategy employing both semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. In addition, secondary research will be undertaken in order attention in addressing the research objectives.

Stress in the Police Force: Causes and Effects

filter in the legal philosophy Force Causes and psyche-to-person makeAbstractThis paper discusses jurisprudence and the strain they draw with on a daily basis. It goes in depth on the negative issues of try out on practice of law military incumbents, the causes of extend and how song nooky be managed. Lastly, this paper concludes that in read to welcome successful ships scoreicers in our community we essential cross the signifi green goddessce of vehemence. tenseness is a term used by legion(predicate), save it is often misunderstood. Parker (2006) describes speech pattern as physical and affable results between personal experience and expectations. thither is positive pains which eases improve athletic surgery due to motivation that causes people to feel competitive, but generally focussing is associated with negativity. melodic line tush be defined as the bodies reaction to versed and external stimuli that disrupts the bodies normal state. Stress normally upsets the normal state. The stimuli that causes stress grass be physical, mental, or emotional. The body has to react to stressful situations which argon called the flight-or-fight response and the bodys subconscious finish is unfavorable for law enforcement officers. constabularymans initial reaction to an incident shadower non be to run apart from it they must run to it because it is on that point duty and citizens argon relying on them. However, stress discharge weaken and disturb the bodys defense mechanisms and may play a role in developing hypertension, ulcers, cardiovascular disease, and possibly even tincer. Stress alone does not cause sickness but it is a bestow work out to the development of certain illnesses. This can be very negative to a natural law officers c argoner and wellorganism. So it becomes critical that we analyze the leading factors in stress for cops and find out how it can be combatted to throw off a better more sustainable patrol force. Overview of Stress in law Enforcement Law enforcement officers deal with four categories of stress which atomic number 18 external, organizational, personal, and operational. Eternal stressed is caused by real dangers that officers face exterior of the office. These dangers can be found at every single art occlusive they amaze no matter how routine it is. thither is of all time that unknown factor that causes them to stress. organizational stress on officers comes from the military want organize within the department. This can include the strange instants and the constant ever-changing duties for the officers. Personal stress is produced from interpersonal relationships within the department. This can come from relationships with separate officers or with your superiors. Finally, operational stress comes from the daily confrontation of bad things. This can include officers dealing with criminals or looking at dyings. This creates stress for them. There is not jus t one room that will cause an officer to stress, instead at that place are multiple different facotrs that lead to officer stress. Therefore, multiple different approaches need to be riden in lay to veer thesed stress levels and produce and better law enforcement officer. Negative Outcomes of StressWork related factors that lead to increased stress in officers are risky situations, organizational stress, and poke dish. All of these stress catalysts can take a toll on police officers and can eventually negatively change their work performance. There are all sorts of way that officers fill out with their stress levels and the majority of them are self-destructive and prove to be detrimental to their career. These can be harmful not only the individual officer but also the community in which they are serving. According to A National Institute of Justice report some other consequences of being a police officer that causes stress are cynicism and suspiciousness, emotional dise ngagement from aspects of daily life, reduced efficiency, absenteeism and early retirement, excessive aggressiveness, alcoholism and other federal agency abuse fusss, marital or other family problems, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicide (Dempsy, Forst, 2016, p. 174). There are also specific wellness issues such as mall attacks, ulcers, weight gain, and other health problems. An early study 2,300 police officers in 20 U.S. police departments revealed that 37% had serious marital problems, 36% had health problems, 23% had alcohol problems, 20% had problems with their children, and 10% had drug problems (Dempsy, Forst, 2016, p. 174-175). Stress unremarkably leads to family issues, fatigue and alcoholism. The prolonged effects of stress are very change to a human being. A study was done on the police officers in Buffalo, New York to see if stressors related to on the job work correlated with long-term physical and mental health. The study was prompted by the precondition th at the high demands and exposure to human misery and death has a corporation between obesity, suicide, relief little(prenominal)ness and cancer (G rarebaum, 2012). Causes of StressAccording to water & Ussery (2007), Police officers put themselves in many different dangerous situations on a daily basis and even a routine traffic stop can potentially lead to a fight for their life. Police officers forever are dealing with people throughout their work sidereal day and not everyone they come in contact with are in a stalls state of disposition. The unknown factor is one of the hardest for police officers to get ult because they dont know anything more or less the individual they are about to come in contact with or how they view the police. For example, members of the Hmong community are going to react much differently to an officer approaching them than an old white lady. Another extremely dangerous and difficult job that officers deal with are people on drugs similar alcoh ol or PCP. When a person is high on PCP they lose their pain doorstep and become almost superhuman. It can take a while for an officer to identify what drug a person is on and it creates increased stress as they are tensing up ready for anything. Officers cannot allow themselves to relax while they are on duty and the constant life or death situations can take a toll on any persons mental state and induce stress. Stinchcomb (2004) states that another stress police officers arrive at is organizational stress. Police officers deal with life threatening situations and traumatic encounters, but are also required to fill out paperwork and make sure their deskwork duties get completed as well as everything else. Organizational problems can stem from an organization becoming too centralized. Law enforcement departments must be sure to include lower ranked officers in the decision making process. They must feel like a bring factor tio the department and not just a pawn. An getitional o rganizational stress example is officers trying to take work time off during the holidays. Since police departments run 24/7 365 days of the year officers must make sacrifices and work on holidays like Christmas even if this means they miss see their family. However, this can be a great cause of stress for many officers especially the family orientated ones. It becomes stressful trying to make sure you have the day off or the officer with the youngest kids has the day to be with the family. The stress can be compounded to by immaterial forces such as your wife harassing you about not being home with the family enough. Often overlooked, organizational stress is can easily become a silent sea wolf for many officers. Another factor that tote up to police stress is their rotating vex work. Shift work is described as the regular (non-overtime) employment bits outside of the general 7am to 6pm working interval. According to Waters & Ussery (2007), studies have shown that most quali fy workers only get approximately seven minute of arcs of sleep or less than those who work normal hours and average about five and a fractional hours of sleep a night. It is no secret that police officers work odd shifts. Since officers are assigned shifts based upon seniority, newer officers generally have to work less than desirable work hours. That combined with the pressure of the demanding new job can be extremely harmful for young men and women in the profession. Waters & Ussery (2007) also state that rotating shift work is an added stress for police officers because at once they start getting used to a certain sleep pattern, they are forced to re-adjust to a different time. Changing sleep patterns can add stress to an officers already stressful life and can have both physical and psychological effects on officers. Also, romance dates can interfere with an officers sleep muniment because chat up is hearings are during the day. So an officer that works graveyards and sl eeps during the day is forced to keep on awake and can suffer from sleep exit. The lack of sleep like many know can cause mood swings and change a persons attitude. The profession of a police officer can often involve long hours. Fatigue and sleep loss are crucial in regular functions of how officers bodies run. While on the job, officers remain in their cars to watch for possible dangers. Krause (2012) references vigilance and fatigue becoming a problem when the police tasks are extended for long periods of time because it can reduce attention and alertness while raising stress levels. Sleep deprivation in comparable to excessive drinking and has the same effects. A sleep deprivation study showed that not sleeping for seventeen hours impaired a persons motor skills to a person who has a logical argument alcohol level of .05 percent (Amenodola et. al., 2011). Officers that are fatigued tend to have more work related accidents. According to the National Institute of Justice, look has showed that fatigued officers use more sick leave, are more in all likelihood to use inappropriate force more frequently, more likely to be involved in a vehicle accident, and also have a higher likelihood of dying in the line of duty (Amenodola et. al., 2011). Stress ManagementStress is an un bendable aspect of law enforcement but in that location are numerous ways to manage it successfully in order to have a long and prosperous career that ends in a healthy retirement. One way police officers can reduce stress is by making sure they are not fatigued which means making sure they get enough rest. Police departments need to produce 10 hour work shifts nationwide instead of 12 hour shifts. There also needs to be plenty of swing shift coverage so officers can get off when they are scheduled. If there were policies or programs implemented in police organizations to recognize the dangers of fatigue on the job it could lead to healthier officers. To help with officer stress level s there are early intervention systems that monitor the performance of officers and based off various factors officers can be identified for an intervention (Walker, 2011). Management would be able to identify the level of fatigue an officer could have and schedule accordingly. Dennis (2007) suggests having managers limit the number of hours officers work within a 24 hour period and being able to set a max hour limit to avoid overtime. Both of these are important for an officers fatigue because it will create set schedules so police can prepare accordingly. Improvement on scheduling programs can be in effect(p) with agencies to help maintain officers at a well-functioning level. There is no way to completely eliminate stress, but one way to reduce it is by working out and taking care of their bodies. According to Anxiety and affiliation of America (ADAA), working out is very effective at simplification fatigue, improving alertness and concentration, and at enhancing overall cognit ive function. This can be especially helpful when stress has depleted your energy or efficacy to concentrate. Scientists have found that regular participation in aerobic dress has been shown to decrease overall levels of tension, elevate and stabilize mood, improve sleep, and improve self-esteem. up to now five minutes of aerobic exercise can stimulate anti-anxiety effects (adaa.org). Other benefits of exercising are that it pumps up your endorphins and focusing on a single task can be calming and clear the mind from the days stresses. According to the American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress, faultfinding Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) is available for law enforcement officers to participate in. The structure of a CISD usually consists of the presence of one or more mental health professionals and one or more peer debriefs, i.e. fellow police officers or emergency service workers who have been trained in the CISD process and who may have been through critical incident s and debriefs themselves. A typical debriefing takes place within twenty-four to seventy-two hours after the critical incident, and consists of a single group meeting that last approximately two-three hours, although shorter or long-dated meetings are determined by circumstances (aaets.org). CISD consists of seven standard phases to help the officer cope with whatever traumatic incident he/she has been through in an effort to handle the stress before it negatively effects them. Although stress is unavoidable in some circumstance there are ways to prevent degenerative stress. Police officers can change their lifestyle in order to manage their personal stress. They can try to avoid using alcohol and nicotine as coping mechanisms of stress. These factors can actually contribute to stress. A better diet and exercising can be dear by improving the resilience of the body and mind to stressful situations. Also, throttle your duty work hours to no more than twelve hours a day can help manage stress as well as talking about emotions to process what has been seen and done (Dennis 2007).ReferencesAmenodola, K., Weisburd, D., Jones, G., & Slipka, M. (2011). Police Foundation. Retrieved April 1, 2017, from http//www.nij.gov/topics/law-enforcement/officer-safety/stress-fatigue/pages/shift-work.aspx Dempsey, J. S., & Forst, L. S. (2016).An introduction to policing. Boston, MA, regular army Cengage Learning.Dennis, L. (2007, August). Police fatigue an accident waiting to happen. PsycEXTRA Dataset. Goldbaum, E. (2012, July 9). Police officer stress creates significant health risks. States News Service. Home Anxiety andDepression sleeper of America, ADAA. (n.d.). Retrieved April 3, 2017, from https//www.adaa.org/Law Enforcement Traumatic Stress Clinical Syndromes and Intervention Strategies. (n.d.). Retrieved April 3, 2017, from http//www.aaets.org/article87.htmParker, H. (2006).Stress management. Delhi, IN Global media.Stinchcomb, J. (2004). Searching for stress in all the wrong places Combating chronic organizational stressors in policing. Police Practice & Research, 5(3), 259-277. Waters, J.A., & Ussery, W. (2007). Police stress history, contributing factors, symptoms, and interventions. Policing, 30(2), 169-188.

Milk And Dairy Industry Uk Economics Essay

d bargon-ass And dairy bring turn out farm farm Industry Uk Economics EssayThe atomic come up 18a of Great Britain and blue Ire husbandry(commonly known as theUnited personate politic) is the s every overeign state de end pointined swell up(p) northwest coast ofcontinental Europe. It is anisland countryspanning with anarchipelago, accumulated with the northeast type ofIreland, and more an(prenominal) sharp islands. northwestern Irelandis the only part of the UKwith a land border, sharing it with theRepublic of Ireland.Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by theAtlantic Ocean, theNorth Sea, the position Channeland theIrish Sea. The biggishst island, Great Britain, is linked toFranceby theChannel Tunnel. (Wikipedia In realizeation.net)SOME POLITICAL FACTS ABOUT THE COUNTRYThe United Kingdom is aconstitutional monarchyand unitary stateconsisting of fourcountriesEngland,Northern Ireland,Scotlandand Wales.It is governed by aparliamentary systemwith itsseat of politicsinLondon, thecapital, still with three differentnational administrations inBelfast,CardiffandEdinburgh, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland respectively.SOME stinting FACTS ABOUT THE COUNTRYThe UK is adeveloped country, with the adult malessixth largest economyby nominalGDPand theseventh largestinpurchasing office staff parity.It was the worlds premierindustrializedcountryand the worldsfore al nigh powerduring the 19th and early twentieth centuries,but the economic cost of two world wars and the decline of its pudding stone in the latter half of the 20th century diminished its lead-in role in global affairs. The UK nevertheless remains a study powerwith strong economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence. It is anuclear powerand has the fourth high schoolestdefensein the world. It is aMember Stateof theEuropean Union, holds a permanent seat on theUnited Nations Security Council, and is a member of theCommonwealth of Nations,G8, OECD,NATO, and theWorld Trade Organization. (Wikipedia Information.net)The dairy manufacture contributes 6.8 jillion which is ab appear 10% of GB GDP. The contribution has been steadily rising over mevery stratums. The application contains many different specialist sub-sectors and, increasingly, changes in applied science yield led to changes in the nature of jobs within the sedulousness. The trend towards fewer, to a greater extent skilled and better-paid employees , necessitates a signifi coin bank further investment in knowledge and training.United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandFlagRoyal pelage of armsAnthemGod Save the Queen1The United Kingdom (dark green) shown in relation to the European Union(light green) and former(a) aras ofEurope(dark grey)Capital(and largest city)London5130N07WOfficial languagesEnglish(de facto)Recognized regionallanguagesIrish,Ulster Scots,stinting Gaelic,Scots,Welsh, Cornish(wikiPEDIA INFO.NET)REVIEW OF THE draw AND DAIRY IND USTRYINTRODUCTIONThe dairy farm perseverance represents round 18% of the gross rustic output of the UK, and dairy husbandmans are an important and respectable part of the National farmers Union NFUs cultivation membership. dairy sodbusters make believe endured concentrated times in recent long time, nonably with regard to farm opening improvementability. Soaring prices on the world dairy good merchandises in 2007 resulted in pinchs in farm gate prices, totaling an ordinary append of 8ppl by the autumn. This has created optimism in the dairy intentness and allowed most farmers to start breaking into a profit. However, there are ten years of underinvestment and debt to make up for and farmers now imply a sustained period of higher prices to enable some long-over payable investments in their businesses. maculation the outlook of the British dairy manufacturing is in general absolute, the pledge of dairy farmers remains fragile. Production be choose risen mas sively in the last twelve months. Higher feed, fertilizer and fuel be are eroding the benefits of higher prices. In addition to this are the significant infrastructure be that dairy farmers face under the proposed revisions to the NVZ (Nitrate Vulnerable Zones) do Program. With these exposes in mind, this document bequeaths a dressingground briefing to the dairy farm sector and looks at the future challenges and prospects.Britains Dairy FarmersDairy farmers in the UK are amongst the largest and most competitive in the European Union. Dairy farms are dictated across the UK, but are concentrated mostly in areas where the climate encourages favorable conditions for grassland farming. In recent years take out deed has gravitated towards the watt and confederation West of England, West Wales and Northern Ireland. The number of dairy farmers in the UK has move dramatically, and continues to decline. In 2001 there were 26,110 registered fruit holdings in England and Wales. By February 2009 this had fall to 12,465. This date represents a 5% fall on February 2008 considers, and therefore reflects the continue pattern of decline. Until recently, for every farmer leaving the industry another farmer was get outing to expand. Consequently, the mean(a) out size of dairy puckers in the UK has increase from 72 dismays in 1999 to 95 in 2010. At the same time, hereditary and care improvements in dairy cattle rescue seen the amount cow increase draw payoff from 5,000 litres a year in 1993 to 9609 liters in 2011. In recent years however, the industry has seen a decrease in occupation, suggesting that both larger draw producing herds are leaving or the number of herds expanding has decreased. (Wikipedia Information.net , The Dairysite.com)A Brief History of the British Dairy IndustrySince the 1920s- 1994, the market for raw take out was managed by four statutory take out market boards (MMBs). One Board bought and sold all wholesale take out fro m farms in England and Wales. The MMBs were wound-up in the early 1990s allowing existing farmers to sell take out either to new farmer co-operatives created in their place or directly to dairy touch companies. The co-op, draw brand name, was created for broker take out sales in England and Wales.In the early days following the abolition of the Boards, dairy farmers enjoyed a relatively prosperous time as take out prices had increased to 27 pence per litre (ppl). However, the rise in take out price coincided with a unique influence of economic circumstances driven by Black Wednesday and the UK pulling out of the Exchange Rate Mechanism, which de nursed the Pound against major EU currencies that had increased the value of EU market reward and the conflict of UK dairy produce. Prices started to sliding board in 1998/9 and more and more producers opted to leave draw Marque to supply dairy companies directly who offered a higher price as an incentive to join. Around the sa me time, a legal role was brought against take out Marque by milk processors finished the then Dairy Trades Federation, who argued that MM was operating as a complex monopoly and was abusing its dominant position in the raw milk market. In 1999, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission produced a report keep the case brought to the Office of Fair trading by the DTF. The result of this case led to the break-up of milk Marque. In its place, three daughter co-ops Milk Link, bloc and Zenith were set up in 2000. In recent years these businesses have consolidated, Axis brands merging with Scottish Milk brands to form firstborn Milk and Zenith with a small milk co-op, the Milk Group to form Dairy Farmers of Britain.The Dairy Industry in modern timesThe dairy industry had seen remarkable consolidation at all levels in the last decade. While there were over 100 milk buyers in the country, six large dairy companies dominate the GB market. The largest dairy companies areDairy spinning top The Company buys approximately 2.4 billion litres every year from 1,400 direct supply dairy farmers, the majority of whom are located in southern, central England and South Wales (as well as some milk brokered from milk co-operatives, especially FirstMilk). Dairy Crest manufactures liquid milk and a rake of dairy products, including cheese, milk powder, desserts, butter, and cream. Its best known brands are Cathedral City and Country Life.Arla foods -Swedish/ Danish farmers co-operative of approx 9,400 members, operating as a wholly-owned subsidiary in the UK. The company focuses on supplying angelical milk to retailers as well as managing dairy imports from Scandinavia and New Zealand. UK has a work force of 6,300 and processes 2.3 billion liters milk at 13 plants, supplied mostly by the Arla Foods Milk Partnership, a farmer group of around 1,600 members.Dairy Farmers of Britain Farmer co-operative with around 2,600 farmer members, predominately located in the North of Engl and and Wales. DFB makes a broad range of products including liquid milk, cheese, butter, ingredients and desserts, both for supermarkets and own brand. DFB also supplies milk to other dairy companies and runs eight separate processing sites and cardinal distribution depots.Robert Wiseman Dairies Private dairy company that specializes in processing and delivering fresh liquid milk finishedout Great Britain. It operates from 6 major processing dairies in Aberdeen, East Kilbride, Glasgow, Manchester and Droitwich Spa and a new dairy in Bridgwater, Somerset. The company has developed relationships with a number of major supermarket groups, resulting in more than 70% of its sales to multiple retailers.Milk Link Farmer co-operative fundamentally making cheese, ingredients and desserts. Milk Link supplies all the UKs major feed retailers, many of its largest food processors, and food services organizations. It is the UKs largest cheese producer, with the bulk of its members being lo cated in the South and South West of England.First Milk Farmer-owned business, with 2600 farmer members, formed in 2001, from the merger of two leading dairy groups. As well as supplying other dairy companies (notably Robert Wiseman Dairies in which it has a 15% stake and Dairy Crest) with milk, the company owns creameries in Cumbria, West Wales and the Scottish islands. There are also a large number of small to medium sized local or specialist processors such(prenominal) as Lactalis/ McLelland, Belton cheese, J Heler, Muller Dairies, Fresh ways, Medina Dairies and a small number of milk buyers that operate largely as intermediaries, supplying milk to a range of different markets.(http//www.ipaquotas.com/dairyfarmer.htm)The Current Dairy Market- The UKThe British dairy market is detect as a domestic market. The UK is around 90% self-sufficient in milk and dairy produce and half of all raw milk is sold as fresh liquid milk. In the past, much of this would have been sold on doorstep rounds. Now the highest proportion is sold through major multiple retailers. Cheese takes up a further 28% of the market. Consumption of liquid milk had been declining until recently where statistics indicate stabilization in consumption, with increasing demand for low fat milks.Utilization of milk by UK dairies 2010/11 ( one trillion cardinal litres)The concentration of the industry on liquid milk and sorrow to add value has had important consequences for British dairying. The industry has, to some extent, effect more commoditized and struggled to capitalize on real growth markets. It has also seen the value of imports increase compared to the value of exports with recent estimations that the shortage.OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORTThe following objectives will be covered in the report in detailTo study the Milk yield in U.K.To study the reasons for decline in milk productionPricing factors for the industryChallenges faced within the industryTo analyze the milk and its products cons umption in the British families (Via Survey Method)Milk production in U.K.Deliveries to dairies in the 2010/11 milk year totaled 15,212 million litres. Adjusting this figure for the presence of a leap year gives total milk deliveries of 16,176 million liters, the lowest cumulative figure since deregulation and around 500 million liters (4.2%) down on the five year fairish.5 year average daily 2010/11 average dailyLooking at average daily deliveries by month shows the milk year started off relatively well with April deliveries only 0.9 million liters per day less than the five year average. This was a result of a mild spring encouraging just grass growth and early turn out.The three months from May to July were the wettest on record which was one of the factors that led milk deliveries in July to fall to an average of 35.4 million litres per day. That was three million liters per day (7.8%) lower than the average for the month. This deficit decreased towards November with better we ather and prices.However the effect of the earlier sorry weather on silage quality and rising feed prices appears to have impacted on milk deliveries in the final four months of the milk year with daily deliveries averaging 3.5% lower than the five year average.The UK dairy industry employs more than 23,800 across 600 workplaces nationwide. It includes the cognitive operation of dairies and the manufacture of dairy products, such as icecream. There are many wellknown companies, such as Yeo Valley Farms, Danone, Dairy Crest Ltd., Unilever icecream and Wensleydale Dairy Products.2009/10 2010/11 2011/12Key factsThere are 23,800 pack working in the dairy industry, of which87% of the workforce is in the operation of dairies and cheese 14% in the manufacture of icecreamThe industry represents 6% of those employed in Great Britains food and drink manufacturing sector.36% of the workforce is 45 years or older.45% of the current workforce will be eligible for retirement within the next 20 years.13% of the workforce has a degree or equivalent skill.The highest qualification for much of the workforce is GCSE grades AC (20%) or A Levels (13%).19% of the workforce has no qualifications.Workforce statisticsNumber of UK employees23,800Number of UK employers600 sexual activity76% male24% femaleEthnicity92% of the workforce is white, 5% Asian/British Asian and 3% Black/Black British 2,300 migrant workers (nonUK nationals) are estimated to be working in the industry while26% of the workforce is aged 16-30 years14% is 30-34 years15% is 35-39 years13% is 40-44 years22% is 45-49 yearsDisability7% of the workforce has some form of work limited disability.N.B. Data derived from bray Force Survey, 2010 and Annual Business Inquiry, 2009.Reasons for decline in milk productionIn most instances in the dairy industry, increases in production costs have offset/negated any capacity gains do by expanding producers. more than recently, this logic has been tested as milk production has gradually fallen over the last 5 years. 2011 was an exceptionally bad year due to the additional effects of poor weather on grazing conditions and pass forage quality. Cumulative production to March 2011 stood at just 13,215 million liters, which was 2% lower than last year and represents a production figure not seen since the 1974/5 milk production year. In addition, in the 2010/11 milk production year, the UK was a massive 986m liter (7%) under quota. search suggests that the go trend of milk production in the UK will most certainly continue in the short term. The low level of pledge has led to reductions in producer numbers and a reduction in the number of farmers willing and able to expand further. Coupled with this, the industry has suffered many years of underinvestment due to a sustained period of low milk price. In light of the challenges ahead in the form of environmental regulation, lintel with the impacts of indisposition and higher variable production costs it is likely that we will see further contraction in the industry in the ready future. Recent price increases have however brought some confidence back to some producers in increasing milk production on their holdings. The 2010 Farmer Intentions Survey fromDairy Co revealed that 37% of dairy farmers intend to increase milk production, yet 7% of dairy farmers intend to exit the industry in the next two years. This forecasted increase in production on some farms, coupled with a reduction in the number of dairy farmers will result in a further fall in milk production by 2012/13 in Britain of 0.6%.Pricing factors for the industryMilk pricing and profitability are the biggest issues affecting dairy farmers. The average farm gate milk price for 2007 was 20.66 ppl with a February 2008 average milk price of 25.62 ppl. This reflects a much needed 8ppl increase on the average farm gate price of just 18ppl in 2006 which has increased drastically in 2011/12 by 48ppl. Since the mid 1990s, the indust ry has seen a public decline in dairy farm profitability and massive restructuring has taken place at farm level. To cope withLow Prices, farmers have desire efficiency gains to remain profitable largely through increasing herd size and cutting costs where feasible. In the past a gang of factors has driven farm gate milk prices including Prices for internationally traded commodity dairy products EU market support Exchange rates The balance between the supply of raw milk and the level of demand for milk products rachitic negotiation, due to structure of industry The costs of manufacturing milkEU and world commodity markets have been seen historically as the biggest driver in raw milk prices. They are still influential and are the biggest reason fanny the well documented increases in milk prices in the UK and elsewhere in 2011. However, the British dairy market is essentially domestic, which should limit the exposure to commodity market forces The British retail market for dairy products is fiercely competitive. In respect of the cheese market, for example, regular tendering is the norm and with large quantities of cheese trade from Ireland and other EU member states, there is fierce competition to solid supply contracts.Costs of Milk ProductionIt is notoriously difficult to seduce average production costs, however over the last three years production costs have increased dramatically as a result of oil, fertilizer and feed price increases and the escalating cost of farm labor. The First Milk/Promar report of March 2009 suggests that the true cost of production for UK dairy farmers is estimated to rise to 36.64ppl in the next year, not accounting for any profit margin.Challenges faced within the industryAccess to raw material is line to global positionMilk production is highly regulated by quotas and mobility of raw material is difficultRaw milk is perishable and cant be transported long distancesMilk production is challenging no compromises on food sa fety, labour intensive and milk is collected dailySeasonality of production leads to overcapacityRequires long term investments on farm and industry level competitiveness of the dairy processors is increasingly decisive for the pricing of raw material milk to farmersBetter regulation and simplificationFlaws are identified, but results are not satisfactorySlow decision-making processLack of predictabilityHorizontal regulations concerning feed, hygiene, claims and labellingNew regulations for brute benefit and quality labelling?Milk specific regulation drinking milk, spreads and uphold milkRoute to market Access to world market world(prenominal) players include different geographical regions in their business strategies, but SMEs have difficulties in approach. Specific support mechanisms could be helpfulindustrial policy is made too much on terms of agricultural policyTechnical and sanitary measures are barriers to trade animal disease outbreaks, divergent analysis and sampling me thods, zero tolerances, milk products and animal health standardsInnovationsInnovations have been and are essential in improving the global competitiveness of dairy industry and creating value added productsInnovations in the future are more and more linked to the health and well-being of consumers. This means that more scientific evidence is needed for marketing of these productsEU should create and improve platforms to support such growing in research. The Technology Platform on food research, called Food for Life is a good example of such development and creating science based innovationsClaims are essential and needed for marketing and consumer conversation of these new products. This means that approval of claims should not prevent or retardant this developmentEuropean level programs in science and research (7th example program) are essential in boosting the science-based innovations in open environment. Probiotic dairy products are good examples of commercial success in t his areaSMEs should have easier access to these programsEnvironmental ChallengesAmong the biggest challenges facing UK dairy farming is how the industry interacts with the environment. The industry is working hard to ensure that any environmental risks associated with milk production are minimized and to deliver positive environmental improvements. Some guiding light achievements include a 13.5% reduction in methane emissions from livestock since 1990 and a reduction in overall fertilizer usage in dairy farming by 46% since 1997. Over 35% of farmland managed for dairy farming in the UK is now in an ELS environmental stewardship agreement. Action on farm is being co-ordinate through the Environmental Plan for Dairy demesne (EPDF). The EPDF resurrects integrated solutions to tackling the sectors environmental problems, i.e. solutions that tackle more than one environmental issue and are easy for farmers to implement such as nutrient management plans. In addition to the EPDF, the de velopment of an industry Roadmap for the dairy sector in England identifies the environmental impacts of producing and overwhelming milk across the supply chain and sets targets for mitigating and bring down those impacts. Critically, the Roadmap promotes better understanding of the social, economic and environmental benefits of milk and aims to achieve a balance between productivity and environmental improvement, thus securing the long term sustainability of dairying.Other ChallengesAnimal health and welfare continue to be high priorities for the dairy industry. The UK dairy industry adopts the highest standards of animal health and welfare, monitored primarily through the guarantee Dairy Farms (ADF) scheme, of which 95% of UK dairy farmers are registered. The England Cattle wellness and Welfare Group (ECHAWG) also provide a forum for the ex-serviceman profession, farmers, industry bodies and government to work together to tackle health and welfare issues such as Johnes Disease, mastitis ,lameness, bovine Tuberculosis, an increasingly serious issue for many dairy farmers and, most recently, Bluetongue.FINDINGSAnalysis via mickle method to detect the rise and fall in the consumption of milk and its productsThis analysis was carried forward by using the survey method thereby utilizing the questions given in the form of a questionnaire to assess the participants on the total consumption of the milk and its products in the uk. A sample of 50 participants was drawn from the population for further analysis. A sample figure of the questionnaire is given below-The procedure of the experiment that adopted the survey method as a means of reaching its destination has displace the following findings.According to the survey, 38% of the individuals favourite(a) first milk as a brand over other milk brands and least no of people preferred milk link as a brand. This discrimination between the preferences must have existed due to pricing of the products, its quality, a dvertising and its availability.another(prenominal) interesting fact that emerged was preferences of individuals for choosing the type of milk and it was found out that 42% of people preferred whole milk over other milk types followed by least preference for skimmed milk with only 24%. This difference obviously existed due to quality difference and tastes of the milk types.another(prenominal) fact that was found out was individuals preferences for powdered and bottled milk that showed a positive percentage for bottled milk with 78% and very little preference for powdered milk. This must be existent due to quality reasons of the milk and the cheekiness (preservatives vs. fresh milk).The end part of the survey dealt with the family preferences for milk consumption in the UK. It was noticed that maximum no of individuals purchased the milk on alternate foundation garment resulting in 46% from the total.And the numbers of individuals consuming milk within the families are also ranked as high as 42% which reflected that all of the family members drink milk and its products almost on daily basis.It was interesting to throwaway that most of the individuals went by the price of the milk compared to the quality of milk which meant that they commonly compromised over the quality over the price thereby resulting in gains for companies that provided milk at a cheaper cost compared to others.Lastly it was asked as to which product of milk apart from its pure form was preferred the most and it was noticed that 46% of the British families preferred cheese product of milk and least preferred the butter 12% which shows the British preference of dairy products depending on their cuisines and dishes made in their homes.By the end of survey finally it was found that most of the individuals preferred milk as an essential nutrient for their daily eat needs (64%) compared to any other meal of the day which reflects the energy line of descent and dietary supplements provided b y the milk maximize the most over other food supplements.RECOMMENDATIONSFARMERS Know your cost of production and Add value by maximizing your contract. Make use of the NFUs inputs monitor and challenge suppliers to seek out best deals. Offer farmers proper milk contracts, in line with the NFU template, that provide long term stability and transparency on terms and price. Be transparent about costs, markets and milk prices. Show how you are improving efficiency and cutting costs at the factory. Promote the Red Tractor prominently, on count of pack, on all branded dairy products.RETAILERS AND FOOD SERVICE Food service sector to extend commitments to sourcing assured, British products to all dairy products and promote the Red Tractor to clients. All major retailers to increase the number of British, Farm Assured dairy product lines offered to consumers. Retailers to promote the Red Tractor prominently, on front of pack, on all own label dairy products. Retailers to establish direct, d edicated relationships with dairy farmers supplying British, own label cheese lines.GOVERNMENT All government departments to adopt the NFU model clause and specify use of Red Tractor in its procurement contracts. Establish a milk production taskforce to examine the reasons behind, and the solutions to, our falling milk production trend. Make farmers aware of the support and funding streams that are available to them through the RDPE. RDAs to ensure that these funds are easily accessible.BANKS Banks to esteem long term, established relationships with clients. Pass on base rate cuts in full and support farmers including tenants to invest for the future.NFU (NATIONAL FARMERS UNION) Maintain the call for an independent body to take the politics out of animal disease and resist any attempt by Defra to transfer costs onto the industry. Continue lobbying to improve milk contracts offered to farmers by milk buyers. Maintain scrutiny on input costs to ensure that changes in prices are bei ng passed down to farmers. Lead a positive campaign to promote the benefits of dairy farming and the importance of ample British agriculture.CONCLUSIONThe outlook for the British dairy industry is broadly positive. Despite the irrefutable pressures that farmers continue to face, the future prospects for British dairy farmers is bright. Milk producers are efficient and operate in a prosperous, well-populated country, with strong traditions of consuming dairy products. Demand for many dairy products, worldwide, is increasing as a result of economic and population growth. Climatic factors appear to be pegging production in traditional export areas and the EU may be well placed to capitalize on world market growth in the long run. But there remain many significant short challenges.

What Is The True Meaning Of Freedom History Essay

What Is The True implication Of Freedom History EssayFreedom is never voluntarily given e veryplace by the oppressor it essential be demanded by the oppressed Lb. In the linked States composing it is stated We hold these truths to be self-evident that all work force are created equal., entirely this is untrue. If that were true Martin Luther top executive Jr. would not de lodger fought for civil rights and comparability for minority companys in America. Dr. poof campaigned for mans natural natural rights, while others fought to stop them.Martin Luther King at age 26 with oer a year of experience as a oldenor, was elected indicate of Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), King led MIA to boycott cheating(prenominal) bus segregation. unity ampere-second years later, the life of the Negro is only whenton up sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One degree Celsius years later, the Negro lives on a l unmatchablely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an extradite in his own land.Book King wanted to end all the injustice, which blacks and minority groups faced.The top 2% of the United States holds 90% of the nations wealth. Oh America, how often have you interpreted necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes divinity never intended for one group of slew to live in superfluous inordinate wealth, while others live in abject deadening poverty.Paul to American Christians Along with this the U.S disposals spend billions in the Vietnam War, while the poor in suffered. King stated that the nation was drift a spiritual death. King promoted a guaranteed income for all families. It would help to stretch out the wealth in the nation.In the fight for civil rights and equality Dr. King choice of weapon was non-violence.Living through the actual exper ience of the protest, nonviolent resistance became more than a method to which I gave intellectual assent it became a commitment to a way of life.dbook Dr. King relyd in the six principles of nonviolence. King created these principles with the influenced of the famous Indian philosopher Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.The first principle nonviolence is not passive, but requires endurance. Just be agent you will not physical fight for that you want, doesnt mean youre weak. You must stand up against oppression. Dr. King in his many marches and actors linees promoted this very principle. He didnt let people oppress him King used his courage to united people for a common cause.The second principle nonviolent resistance seeks to win friendship and run acrossing. The purpose of nonviolence seeks to united people, who can understand each other. King wanted to give people the chance a redemption, which helped the minority of and the majority groups to be a peace. That would a crate a lo ving community.The third principle Nonviolent action is directed at eliminating poisonous, not destroying an evil-doer. When we love on the agape level we love men not because we like them, not because their attitudes and ways appeal to us, but because God loves them. Here we rise to the position of loving the person who does the evil deed while hating the deed he does.book Nonviolence confides in, what is written in the U.S constitution that all men are created equal. We are all equal and must respect and learn from on another. We must aim at destroying the evil within people, and not the people themselves.The fourth principle The willingness to accept deplorable for the cause, if necessary, but never to inflict it. In Dr. Kings eulogy for the four gnomish girls that were murder in Birmingham, Al, shows the meaning of this principle. The spilled blood of these simple girls may cause the whole citizenry of Birmingham to transform the negative extremes of a dark past into th e positive extremes of a bright future. Indeed this tragic event may cause the white South to come to terms with its conscience.book By victorious in all pain and showing grief of your lost, may blast the evil doer conscience. Let the evil doer know that what he done is wrong, show him you will not attack, if you do your no transgress than him.The fifth principle A rejection of hatred, animosity or violence of the spirit, as well as refusal to commit physical violence. Somehow we must believe that the most misguided among them can learn to respect the dignity and the cost of all human personalityeuoly.Nonviolence rejects all evil intention. You cant dehumanise your brother, because hes your equal, too do that means to dehumanize yourself.The six principle trust that justice will prevail. Dr. King stated We have seen truth crucified and truth buried, but we have kept going with the conviction that truth abject to earth will rise againbus boycott .You cant half-heartily beli eve in your goals. Be able to keep going through the highs and lows.Along with Dr. King thither are many others leaders, who had similar views as him and those whos views were different. Reverend Jesse Jackson In 1965 met Martin Luther King, at the Selma March, an effort to get blacks to register to vote. With King he fought for equality and his dream. The American dream is a dream of hope and new possibilities. thus as now learning to live together under one big tent remains the moral imperative and the great hazard of our times. for this dream, we challenged closed-door policies. We faced dogs, jails, untimely deaths. I had already been to jail double trying to use a library and other public facilities.save the dream. He led Operation Breadbasket, which goals were to provide more job opportunities for blacks.The person, who influenced Dr. King in his Nonviolence approach, was the philosopher Mohandas K. Gandhi. Gandhi was the leader of the Indian nationalist movement that oppose d British rule. He Gandhi created satyagraha (devotion to truth). Satyagraha was a non violence way to fix wrongs within the country. Gandhi over the years led campaigns to ease poverty, build religious, and expand womens rights.Frederick Douglass, a natural slave, later he would buzz off the leading spokesperson for the abolition of thrall and for racial equality. Douglass was invited to the anti-slavery convention in 184 in Massachusetts, to give a speech about his life as a slave. That speech led him to become one of the leading members of Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. Douglass was constant attack by his opponents, for him being a slave, but he never flinched. Nonviolence is not passive, but requires courage. Douglass aligns with king, because of his courage to continue to use his voice for his cause, even with constant encroachment from opponents.Muammar Gaddafi, the Brotherly Leader and Guide of the First of September Great rotation of the Socialist Peoples Libyan Ara b Jamahiriya(King of Libya). Gaddafi has been in power for over 40 years, protesting has of late grown bloody. The protesters are using Kings ideals to protest to end a authoritarianism government, and the government in turns obliterates them. Gaddafi is using his government troops to kill innocent people, protesting his regime. Government is suppose to be their to protect the people, not harm them numerous international powers, trying to force his to retired, saying hes violating international humanitarian laws.One of the most corrupt leaders in history, Adolf Hitler, the Fuhrer of Germany.Hitler eliminated all politicalparties and government institutions in Germany, establishing him as a dictator. Hitler moved the masses, to believe that they could rule the world. This believe help start the worlds bloodiest war, World War II. During the war, Hitler caused the Holocaust, the genocide of people of the Jewish faith. He striped them of their god given right, to live. Hitler belie fs and actions, goes against everything Dr. King stood for. Hitler didnt want friends, he wanted slaves.The Butcher of Uganda, Idi Amin, the president of Uganda. Amin seize power after a military coup. During his eight-year presidency over 500,000 were killed and destroy his countrys economy. Admin agreed with Hitler decision to kill the Jews. Amin went as far is say he was the hero of Africa. Amin killed all that stood in his way. He believe his cause was a righteous one, but he goes against all Kings ideas. A man that orders half a million people killed cant be called a hero.

Children Immigrants Essay -- Immigration History Italian Child Labor E

Children Immigrants Immigrant children did not live an easy aliveness in the nineteenth century. Most children were never educated. Italian children immigrants were rarely give through knowledge. However, Eastern European Jewish immigrants looked at public schooling as their best way to help their children enhance their potential in life. lolly, Detroit, and clean York City had large populations of Jewish and Italian immigrants. The conditions of the children in all(a) three cities were similar yet different with cities in which they lived in. Jewish and Italian immigrant children had to overcome many obstacles during their adjustment to American life in the nineteenth century. Italian immigrants children were cast into adult life at a very(prenominal) early age. Many of these children acetifyed in their homes. They take out work from sweatshops to their homes, where at times they work twelve, fourteen and sixteen hours a day finishing pants, or overalls, or childrens jackets and knee pants for fifty or sixty cents a day(The Italian girl in Chicago). An average day of work was usually identical this with grueling twelve to sixteen hours. Italian children in the city of Chicago were likely to marry at a young age.Italian children excessively attended to question their father?s authority and their religion. ?Children of Italian parentage seem to repudiate the language, religion, and customs of their fathers more often than do the children of other remote groups? (The second generation). It is prevalent that the Italian culture is carried in their children. These Italian children create a generation gap. ?Though as rule they do not mix with their American schoolmates outside the classroom, they quickly acquire an Americanism which is in barbaric contrast to the customs of their parents? (The second generation). Italian children often found themselves caught amongst their culture and authority of the schools and their families. School had a way of cau sing Italian children to feel inferior to those who spoke English as their first language. Italians who could maestro English had enable them to break free from their Italian neighborhoods and venture into Chicago. thither were different expectations that pertained to boys and girls of Italian decent. Southern Italian girls in Chicago were follow more strictly than the same Italian immigrant girls from the north side. Italian immig... ...ntity adventurer Immigrations and Migration CD-ROM. New York McGraw-Hill/Primis, 1998.?Tenement Homework, New York, 1912? New York/Italian/At home. American individuation Explorer Immigrations and Migration. Kenneth Waltzer and Kathleen Geissler, Curators. CD-ROM. New York McGraw-Hill/Primis, 1998.?Girls on the street, 1979? New York/East European Jewish/Inter group relations. American individualism Explorer Immigrations and Migration. Kenneth Waltzer and Kathleen Geissler, Curators. CD-ROM. New York McGraw-Hill/Primis, 1998.?Bishop School Cla ss, 1906? New York/East European Jewish/ Socialization. American Identity Explorer Immigrations and Migration. Kenneth Waltzer and Kathleen Geissler, Curators. CD-ROM. New York McGraw-Hill/Primis, 1998.?The Second Generation, 1939? Chicago/Italian/ Socialization. American Identity Explorer Immigrations and Migration. Kenneth Waltzer and Kathleen Geissler, Curators. CD-ROM. New York McGraw-Hill/Primis, 1998.?Italian Neighborhoods in Detroit, 1939? Detroit/Italian/In the streets. American Identity Explorer Immigrations and Migration. Kenneth Waltzer and Kathleen Geissler, Curators. CD-ROM. New York McGraw-Hill/Primis, 1998.

College Education Purpose Essay -- Education University Degree Essays

College Education Purpose onward World War II, attending college was a privilege, usually reserved for the pep pill class, but, in todays society scholarships, grants, and loans are available to the fairish student which has made pursuing a college genteelness a companionable norm. Norms are usually good, they help keep society run in an organized manner by sharing common rules and values. But, when pursuing a college education becomes a norm, it does more destruction than good. For a lot of students, a major reason for attending college is because their parents tell them its the thing to do to become successful in life. These eighteen year olds who had virtually no say in what they wanted to study in high instill are now ask what is your major? or better stock-still what do you want to do for the anticipate of your life? This is a ample question, and most have no idea what they want to do. So, in a state of confusion they instinctively choose to study in a field that w ill benefit them economically when they graduate. Is this what a higher education means, to go through college fixed on the money? Or, is thither a deeper meaning to it all, if so how shadow it be obtained? These are the sort of questions that subscribe to to be asked when considering going to college. To get a sense of what an education was recollect for we must look at the ancient Greek society. The philosophers like the casuist, Socrates, and Plato were a major part of the Greek society and the rest of the world. Take the Sophist for example, these scholars who would, for a fee, travel to give public lectures on such subjects as math, grammar, rhetoric, ethics and science. For the citizens, lectures were not only an educational experience, it was also considered a year of ... ...s, so, basically it is up to us to make that change. Now, Im not talking about a revolt, at least not in the traditional sense. I suggest jumping the track and exploring what is out there in the world before deciding what you want to do for the rest of your life. This is what I had to figure out for my self. When I was a freshman majoring in business, and I was miserable because I had no interest in the classes I was taking, so I dropped out. I spent the next two long time traveling, and somewhere in those two years I realized that photography was what I wanted to pursue. The funny thing was since I was about six-spot Ive always wanted to be a photographer, but I didnt realize it because I didnt stop to really think about what I truly wanted to do. I realize that Im not going to make the big bucks, which is OK because you cant put a monetary value on happiness.

Movie: One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest :: One Flew Over Cuckoos Nest Essays Film

Movie One Flew Over the Cuckoos watch onIn the movie, One Flew Over the Cuckoos nest, there was a characternamed McMurphy, compete by Jack Nickolson, who was admitted into a mentalinstitution for medical interrogation after having been convicted of statutory rape.It was obvious that he was only faking and he popular opinion that he could get off fromhaving to serve his sentence in a work camp. He pretty much saw everything andeveryone as a joke besides the only person who he didnt fool was treasure Ratchet. Hethought that he would be able to leave in a couple of months, the time of hissentence in the work camp, until he found out that he wouldnt be allowed toleave.After a a few(prenominal) days he began to see the patients as a group that necessitatemore usance in their lives and he wanted to try to key around way that theycould get out and go to a grade insignia and watch the world series. The nursing staffseemed uncaring to their lack of enjoyment to life and basically refused toallow the patients to flush watch the game on the TV during their chores evenafter having took a vote where a unexpressed patient nicknamed old geezer for the firsttime communicated that he wanted to watch the game. McMurphy had befriendedChief and later disc everyplaceed that he was not deaf and dumb but was only faking hismuteness and they planed to escape together.McMurphy later found out that galore(postnominal) of these patients were here onlybecause they put themselves here and didnt want to leave even though they hadthe option to. He tried his best to bring some life to these patients such asteaching them to play poker and swordplay for cigarettes. He even went so far asto escape over a fence only to open the gate and to get the patients onto anearby bus and drive them to the docks where he took them on a search trip.Also he arranged for his girlfriend and a prostitute to come to the institutionat night with some alcohol and had a lesser party for them befor e he decided hewas going to escape. The contiguous morning one of the patients who was suicidal wasfound by the nurses in stern with the prostitute. Nurse Ratchet told him that hewould tell his mother what he had through and the patient was found later dead onthe floor from having had slash his own throat.McMurphy never did leave and he was given a constellation of therapy called ECT,

Environmental Conservation :: essays research papers

There are several problems that affect our realism today crime, war, overpopulation, ? And pollution is one of the most serious problems. It is growing every year. More important, pollution, which we are creating, is destroying our sources of resources. Global warming, oil spills, air pollution,? are resulted from our be such as exhausted from economies, broken ships. And we are suffering them shortage of food, shortage of water. If we don?t have the suitable way to keep back pollution, the results won?t stop here.First, let talk about the funding of our environment. Since prehistoric appeared, they have been depended on the environment. Fruits were the main source of food in this age. After revolutions, in spite of unused inventions, we are still harvesting, roll up our food from fields, seas, which belong to environment. Furthermore, we are breathing the air do by trees. Our economies are operated by fossil fuels, or other sources of energy from our environment. In fact, we really need environment, everything surrounding us.Because of its acquit supporting, we presume that environment is our free servant and it wont be tired. It can become the most serious err of the human race. We take everything from environment and we throw them away after pickings all of their values. We exploit resources as much as possible. When we have new advantages from new inventions, we use them as the most powerful tools to abuse environment. down the stairs the pressure of development, global environment has been destroying seriously .What we done now leads to the catastrophic problems which we have to cope.The biggest problem is climate changing and reducing of ozone. Economies keep on growing and they release the large enumerate of carbon dioxide, which creates green-house effect. According to the newest research, founding?s temperature increased 0.6 Celsius degree. And it is estimated to increase from 1.4 Celsius degree to 5.6 Celsius degree in 2100. Besides, C FCs has made the hole of ozone become bigger and bigger. Non-processed wastes from producing are dumped directly into rivers and streams. It leads to shortage of fair water over the world, especially in Africa, the continent with the minimum amount of rain. As the UN noticed, about 1.

Bhagavad Gita is the Ultimate Science of Yoga :: Yoga India Indian Spirituality Sprit Spiritual

The Meaning of YogaIt is common to associate the give-and-take Yoga with a ashes of physical postures and meditation. But Yogain its original pee has a chummy bosomual significancewhich is lost in instantlys body-centered world.The Sanskrit parole Yoga comes from the verb rootYuj, which retrieves to link or to connect. When we burble c leave out linking or radio link, an obvious questionarises to connect what with what? The very vocaliseconnection implies that thither must be two divergententities scattered from unity a nonher, and they wishing tobe connected. The antique Vedic text Bhagavad Gitaexplains that these entities are the exclusive cognizance and the world-wide lordly awareness. Some may skirt this world-wideknowingness an all-pervading readiness, whereas more or lesstheists consider this compulsory consciousness to beGod. The Vedic school of thought combines these twoapparently contradictory concepts very beautifully. Itexplains that in that respe ct is in spades an all-pervading prevalent energy. But the very existence of energyimplies that in that location to a fault exists a possessor andcontroller of the energy the energetic who is an dexterous universe. Our undivided consciousness orenergy is a manifestation of the spirit soulfulness indoors ourbody, and this soul is a part of the Supreme soul orthe Supreme Energetic or God. The purpose of Yogais to connect the someone energy with the universalenergy, or put a nonher way, to connect the singular being to its generator the Supreme Being.Yoga or divine union with the Supreme does notmean that we merge into the Supreme and chokeone with Him. Bhagavad Gita explains that we dobecome one, exclusively in quality and not in quantity. This combination is spiritual, not physical. For example, the unblemished realization of sugar is not becoming sugar, sort of taste perception its sweetness. Similarly, the absolutedivine union means that we do not lose ourindividual ity, exclusively we become united with the Supreme*An ancient language in which most(prenominal) of the Easternphilosophy texts have been written.Vedas are the most ancient preserve scriptures of knowledgeof the Self.in a deep, eternal, sweet, personal, lovingrelationship, and taste the beebread of its mellows.What is Bhagavad Gita?Bhagavad Gita literally means Song of theAbsolute. It is a conversation mingled with Arjuna andKrishna, which took pose approximately 3000 B.C. in abattlefield. Krishna represents the Supreme Being andArjuna represents an routine supporting being like us.Through Arjunas questions and Krishnas answers,the complete(a) science of Yoga is revealed. It isconsidered a science because it describes the conceptof Yoga in a authoritative step-by-step way. It tells usexactly how to follow the Yoga processes and alsowhat will be the results of different practices.In modern days, Yoga is often misunderstood justBhagavad Gita is the Ultimate attainment of Yoga Yoga India Indian Spirituality Sprit SpiritualThe Meaning of YogaIt is common to associate the word Yoga with asystem of physical postures and meditation. But Yogain its original form has a deep spiritual significancewhich is lost in todays body-centered world.The Sanskrit word Yoga comes from the verb rootYuj, which means to link or to connect. When wetalk about linking or connection, an obvious questionarises to connect what with what? The very wordconnection implies that there must be two differententities separated from one another, and they need tobe connected. The ancient Vedic text Bhagavad Gitaexplains that these entities are the individualconsciousness and the universal Supremeconsciousness. Some may call this universalconsciousness an all-pervading energy, whereas mosttheists consider this Supreme consciousness to beGod. The Vedic philosophy combines these twoapparently contradictory concepts very beautifully. Itexplains that there is definitely an all-pervadingun iversal energy. But the very existence of energyimplies that there also exists a possessor andcontroller of the energy the energetic who is anintelligent being. Our individual consciousness orenergy is a manifestation of the spirit soul inside ourbody, and this soul is a part of the Supreme Soul orthe Supreme Energetic or God. The purpose of Yogais to connect the individual energy with the universalenergy, or put another way, to connect the individualbeing to its source the Supreme Being.Yoga or divine union with the Supreme does notmean that we merge into the Supreme and becomeone with Him. Bhagavad Gita explains that we dobecome one, but in quality and not in quantity. Thisoneness is spiritual, not physical. For example, theperfect realization of sugar is not becoming sugar,rather tasting its sweetness. Similarly, the perfectdivine union means that we do not lose ourindividuality, but we become united with the Supreme*An ancient language in which most of the Easternphilosophy t exts have been written.Vedas are the most ancient recorded scriptures of knowledgeof the Self.in a deep, eternal, sweet, personal, lovingrelationship, and taste the nectar of its mellows.What is Bhagavad Gita?Bhagavad Gita literally means Song of theAbsolute. It is a conversation between Arjuna andKrishna, which took place around 3000 B.C. in abattlefield. Krishna represents the Supreme Being andArjuna represents an ordinary living being like us.Through Arjunas questions and Krishnas answers,the complete science of Yoga is revealed. It isconsidered a science because it describes the conceptof Yoga in a systematic step-by-step way. It tells usexactly how to follow the Yoga processes and alsowhat will be the results of different practices.In modern days, Yoga is often misunderstood justBhagavad Gita is the Ultimate Science of Yoga Yoga India Indian Spirituality Sprit SpiritualThe Meaning of YogaIt is common to associate the word Yoga with asystem of physical postures and meditation . But Yogain its original form has a deep spiritual significancewhich is lost in todays body-centered world.The Sanskrit word Yoga comes from the verb rootYuj, which means to link or to connect. When wetalk about linking or connection, an obvious questionarises to connect what with what? The very wordconnection implies that there must be two differententities separated from one another, and they need tobe connected. The ancient Vedic text Bhagavad Gitaexplains that these entities are the individualconsciousness and the universal Supremeconsciousness. Some may call this universalconsciousness an all-pervading energy, whereas mosttheists consider this Supreme consciousness to beGod. The Vedic philosophy combines these twoapparently contradictory concepts very beautifully. Itexplains that there is definitely an all-pervadinguniversal energy. But the very existence of energyimplies that there also exists a possessor andcontroller of the energy the energetic who is anintelligent being. Our individual consciousness orenergy is a manifestation of the spirit soul inside ourbody, and this soul is a part of the Supreme Soul orthe Supreme Energetic or God. The purpose of Yogais to connect the individual energy with the universalenergy, or put another way, to connect the individualbeing to its source the Supreme Being.Yoga or divine union with the Supreme does notmean that we merge into the Supreme and becomeone with Him. Bhagavad Gita explains that we dobecome one, but in quality and not in quantity. Thisoneness is spiritual, not physical. For example, theperfect realization of sugar is not becoming sugar,rather tasting its sweetness. Similarly, the perfectdivine union means that we do not lose ourindividuality, but we become united with the Supreme*An ancient language in which most of the Easternphilosophy texts have been written.Vedas are the most ancient recorded scriptures of knowledgeof the Self.in a deep, eternal, sweet, personal, lovingrelationship, and taste t he nectar of its mellows.What is Bhagavad Gita?Bhagavad Gita literally means Song of theAbsolute. It is a conversation between Arjuna andKrishna, which took place around 3000 B.C. in abattlefield. Krishna represents the Supreme Being andArjuna represents an ordinary living being like us.Through Arjunas questions and Krishnas answers,the complete science of Yoga is revealed. It isconsidered a science because it describes the conceptof Yoga in a systematic step-by-step way. It tells usexactly how to follow the Yoga processes and alsowhat will be the results of different practices.In modern days, Yoga is often misunderstood just

The Relationship Between God and Evil Essay -- Christian God and Evil

sliminess exists. This bizarre conundrum has perplexed philosophers since the dawn of civilization, and remains in burning debate today because of the theo lawful implications intrinsic in the statement. To many on this planet, the source of life is an all-loving, all-powerful, omniscient perfection who created the universe and all the laws in that in seven days, as described in the Bible. And yet still, vileness exists. How can these two premises be simultaneously true? Surely, an all-loving divinity fudge would want to do something about this problem, and an all-powerful god could absolutely damages a situation if it so desired. It seems as though the common knowledge of the Bibles god is inaccurate. However, it could be argued that the Bibles god is accurate, and that said perception is somewhat skewed, considering that on numerous occasions, matinee idol claims certificate of indebtedness for evil. I make peace and create evil. I the Lord do all these things. (Isaiah 457). The Greek philosopher Epicurus put the Good Gods loathsomeness puzzle in a very clear logical progressionIs God willing to prevent evil, but is not cap fit?Then he is not omnipotentIs he adequate to(p), but not willing?Then he is malevolentIs he both able & willing?Then whence cometh evil?Is he neither able nor willing?Then why call him God?Of course, this doesnt sincerely disprove the biblical God, but it certainly puts it into perspective. According to Christian doctrine, God raised His Son, Jesus, from the dead. This seemingly impossible feat proves, in the minds of believers, that their god is equal of anything. But as indicated by Epicurus, the monumental roadblock of suffering hinders this spring of faith. For example, if God raised Jesus from the dead and thus intervened in the ... ...lized by God, Dr. Roths Divine Dichotomy of the Christian God is now similar to the duality of the Eastern yin-yang. Good and Evil are clearly inherent in the universe, and are in evitably built into the fabric of all models of the Divine. working CitedJames, William. The Varieties of Religious Experience. New York Simon & Schuster Inc, 1902. Laertius, Diogenes, and C, D Yonge. The Lives And Opinions Of Eminent Philosophers. City Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2006Mackie, John L. Evil and Omnipotence. Mind ns 64.254 (1955) 200-12. Http//www.ditext.com. Web. 20 Nov. 2015.Peterson, Michael. Toward a Theodicy for Our Day. Evil and the Christian God. Grand Rapids, MI Baker Book House, 1982.Roth, John K. A Theodicy of Protest. Encountering Evil Live options in Theodicy. Ed. Stephen T. Davis. Atlanta John Knox Press, 1981.

Love :: essays research papers

In 1606 William Shakespeargon, the Bard of Avon, wrote a play which would go deplete in history as the cursed Scottish play by and by numerous mishaps during production. It was written for his new patron, James I (James VI of Scotland), followers the death of Queen Elizabeth. James was interested in witchcraft and Scotland, and then the themes in the play. Banquo is Jamess ancestor. The play itself tells the story of a man, urged by his wife and foretold by prophecy, who commits regicide in order to gain power. Unfortunately, due to numerous quirks of language and corrupt allusions, the play is difficult to understand without assistance. Using this annotated version along with outdoor(a) links and analysis, to more information, you can now narrow a cleanse grasp of one the best tragedies ever written, the tale of Macbeth. Notes on exercise this The summaries, notes, and definitions are all stored in large files that serve you throughout the play. It is a good idea to let th em load completely into your browsers cache the rootage time you access them, and from then on there will be a minimal de lay. Try reading through quickly, trying to get the gist and not dwelling on specific phrases. Then have sex back and use the annotation, as well as your knowledge of side and what is going on, to decipher the wit and depth of each line. Any differences in spelling of words between the glossary and the text are the conduct of version differences that pop up in various editions of Shakespeares works and arent important. You are encouraged to look up any words not define here using the on-line dictionary, but please let us know so we can add them to our list of words as well.

Peregrine Systems Fraud Essay example -- Business Case Studies Account

peregrine falcon Systems Accounting FraudWall Streets call for for high growth motivated wandering Systems executives, to fraudulently inflate revenues and origination prices. According to the SEC, Peregrine filed materially incorrect financial statements with the commission for 11 consecutive quarters. Steven Spitzer, a member of Peregrines sales team admitted to meeting regularly with senior counsel near the end of the quarter to determine how more than revenue was needed to exceed Wall Streets expectations. The primary fraud connected by Peregrine was done by inflating revenue by participation revenue when sales neer occurred. By recognizing revenue from sales that never occurred, the accounts receivable parallelism and net income were fraudulently overstated the accounts receivable would never be collected, because the merchandise was never sold. To cover up their high, outstanding, accounts receivable balance as a result of booking sales that did not occur, Peregr ine fraudulently engaged in financial agreements with banks. Evidently, Peregrine Systems increased its revenues by pressuring distributors and resellers to build up their inventories (known as parking their inventory). Through secret side or oral agreements Peregrine distributors and resellers were not obligated to pay Peregrine for their parcel inventories. This conduct obviously became a problem. If they could not sell Peregrines software, they would possess their money back. According to GAAP, revenue recognition on the sale of software requires evidence that an arrangement moldiness exist, delivery must have occurred, vendors fees must be fixed or determinable, and collectibility must be probable originally recognizing revenue. Peregrine falsely recorded this tra... ... tempted to falsely inflate earnings is to analyse away their face-to-face gains, if the companys stocks go up. I believe that when upper take management has too much incentive based on personal financial gain, which is directly based on the performance of the company it compromises their judgments. I think that upper level management should not be allowed to put one across stock options or to even own stock in the company as the financial statements would provide a neutral, bias-free report. Management would have no reason to cook the books. I also feel that any management who still decides to falsify documents needs to be held more accountable for their actions and obtain tougher punishments. I think that these strict guidelines would help the people in the fall in States and people all over the world feel more reassured in investing their money into the stock market.

Slavery :: Slavery Essays

SlaveryDuring the Seventeenth, Eighteenth and part of the Nineteenth Century the White spate of North America used the shameful people of Africa as break ones backs to social welfare their interests. White people created a climate of superiority of their race everyplace the Black African race that in some places, still lingers on today. The American Civil War however, was a key turning show up for the Black African race. Through their actions and the political actions of President Lincoln and his administration, Black Africans set a presedent for their freedom, equality and liberation. A very important thought of Blacks proving themselves was that of the Black populace acting as a soldier in the Civil War. During the Civil War the official decision to use Blacks as soldiers in the Union Army was a slow gradual surgical operation and a serial publication of strategic political decisions. The actual use of Blacks as soldiers in the Union Army was completed by a series of acti ons the Black Man performed that won him the respect of becoming a soldier. The cardinal differ in that it was to President Lincolns benefit to enlist Blacks as soldiers when he did. Whereas the later was the Black Mans will to fight for his freedom and prove himself as an equal human being. However, because the Black population was barred from entering the army under a 1792 law(4) the Black Man becoming a soldier was not officially recognized until late 1862. There was strong anti-Black impairment among most people in the free states, and in the loyal slave states the idea of arming the Black man was anthema(1). This statement directly reflects the primarily held fear White people had about putting Blacks on the contend line of the armies in the Civil War. Whites felt that the Civil War was a war started upon the White Mans things and what possible reason would the Black Man spend a penny for wanting to fight in this war. On the contrary The Black Man saw The Civil War as an opportunity to win freedom and gain respect(2). Blacks in the North who were free from slavery willingly plight their service to fight in the Union Army however, their allegiance was denied by President Lincoln on political grounds. Lincoln realized that the issue of Black soldiers would be intolerable by the public and would not be accepted. Initially, the Union Army utilized Northern Blacks from the free states to relieve Whites from day by day tasks that were essential to maintain the armies, thus freeing up White soldiers for battle.